A comparative study of the fundamentals of oil and gas law in Iran and some Persian Gulf countries

Oil and gas law is a new and very important branch of law. The oil and gas law of each country is influenced by the political, legal and economic system of that country. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the legal aspects of new oil contracts and explains the subject with a look at the oil and gas laws of some Persian Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia and Iraq). This research introduces concession contracts in the Qajar era, and in examining the evolution of Iranian oil and gas contracts, we have reached new Iranian oil contracts. Concluding oil and gas contracts is a highly specialized matter that is closely related to the legal infrastructure of the oil-owning country. Despite its abundant oil and gas reserves, Iran needs an oil contract model that is both in line with the country's needs and at the same time interacts with countries with technology. Iran's new oil contracts are designed with the aim of maintaining and enhancing the position of Iran's oil and gas in the international arena and promoting technology transfer. Then, the pillars of the Saudi government and some legal requirements in Saudi Arabia's oil and gas laws are introduced. The following describes the history of Iraqi oil and gas laws and the requirements for controlling and monitoring Iraqi oil contracts.